Completed Projects - Environmental and Climate Change

February to June 2020. Retained by the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries of the Government of the Virgin Islands to develop and draft legislation to implement recommendations contained in recent review of agriculture and fisheries legislation while addressing priority issues of the new administration, in particular to establish the legislative framework for the newly merged Department of Agriculture and the Department of Fisheries while building resilience to climate change impacts affecting food security. Drafted the Virgin Islands Food Security and Food Sustainability Bill, and facilitated broad-based stakeholder consultation on the proposed legislation during social distancing restrictions imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic.

September 2019 to March 2020. Retained by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Labour of the Government of the Virgin Islands to develop and draft legislation to implement recommendations contained in the Green Paper - Proposed Environmental Management and Climate Change Adaptation Bill, while addressing priority issues of the new administration, in particular to fully translate the Marine Estate Administration Policy into a legislative framework. Drafted the following: (a) Virgin Islands Environmental Management and Climate Resilience Bill, 2019; and (b) Virgin Islands Marine Estate Administration and Coastal Zone Management Bill, 2020.

September 2019 to January 2020. Retained by the European Union to undertake the end of program evaluation of the EUR20 million Building Safety and Resilience in the Pacific (BSRP) program, which included detailed in-country evaluations in Fiji, Solomon Islands, Tonga and Vanuatu.

January 2019 to March 2020. Retained by the Green Climate Fund (GCF)/United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) under the GCF Readiness Project. Dominica. as International NGO/CBO Climate Change Specialist to support the National Designated Authority (NDA) in building capacity in civil society in Dominica to access international climate change financing under the Green Climate Fund (GCF).

May 2017 to February 2018. Retained by the Green Climate Fund (GCF) to support capacity building of the National Designated Authority (NDA) of the Governments of Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica and Grenada to increase access to international climate change financing including the accreditation of the National Implementing Entity (NIE) for the GCF. Supported the development of the Green Climate Fund (GCF) Readiness 2 Project (Demonstrating GCF Enhanced Direct Access in the Public, Private, and Civil Society Sectors) for Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, and Grenada.

June 2016 to February 2017. Retained under the European Union (EU) funded Global Climate Change Alliance (GCCA) project on Climate Change Adaptation and Sustainable Land Management to support and assist the Government of Antigua and Barbuda with the development and drafting of Regulations to manage greenhouse gas emissions and other pollutants, build climate resilience and establish an environmental management system. Drafted the Paris Agreement Regulations 2017 that establishes the: (a) regulatory, administrative and financing framework; and (b) monitoring reporting and verification (MRV) framework, to implement the commitments of the Paris Agreement under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and required to support direct access financing by the Green Climate Fund.

August 2015 to February 2016. Retained by the United Kingdom Department for International Development (DFID) to undertake the feasibility assessment and preliminary design for the US$70 million (50 million pounds Sterling) climate and disaster resilient water, sanitation and hygiene program in Ethiopia and Nepal. Developed climate change models and vulnerability & risk assessments for the water sector in Nepal and Ethiopia. Developed and designed, through a broad-based consultative process, the following four components of the proposed project which is funded by the International Climate Funds (ICF):

investment in water, sanitation and hygiene infrastructure and management systems to build climate and disaster resilience in existing sector programmes in Nepal and Ethiopia;

roll-out of climate and disaster resilient health policy and planning guidance developed by the World Health Organisation (WHO) to 20 countries in Africa and Asia;

risk assessment and management of the impact of climate change and natural disasters on future water-related infectious diseases in Ethiopia and Nepal; and,

evaluation of the programme, including programmatic, process and impact elements.

May to October 2015. Retained as International Expert (Climate Change Adaptation) by Expertise France (French international technical expertise agency within the French Ministries of Foreign Affairs and Economy) to support and assist the Government of Kiribati in the development, drafting and approval by Cabinet of the country’s Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The Kiribati INDC defines priority measures required to implement the Kiribati Joint Implementation Plan on Climate Change and Disaster Risk Management (KJIP) (2014), including institutional measures required to facilitate direct access to international climate change financing through the Green Climate Fund (GCF). The INDC planning process, which included a multi-criteria risk assessment and sector vulnerability assessments, assisted the Government of Kiribati in the identification of gaps in the adaptation and disaster risk reduction program outlined in the KJIP, and develop stakeholder consensus on the best manner to address these gaps.

March to September 2015. British Virgin Islands. Retained under the European Union (EU) funded Global Climate Change Alliance (GCCA) project on Climate Change Adaptation and Sustainable Land Management to support and assist the Government of the Virgin Islands in the development and drafting of integrated legislation for environmental management, climate change and ecosystem management.

July 2014 to June 2015. Retained by the European Union (EU) and the Deutsche Gesellschaftfür Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) on behalf of the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) to assist the Government of Palau in the development and adoption, through a broad-based consultative process, of a climate change and disaster management policy that is to provide clear national guidance for decision making and actions that will build the resilience of Palau to climate change and disasters as well as reduce greenhouse gas emissions and articulate Palau’s position on climate change and disaster risk reduction across all sectors and at all levels (community, state, national. international).

November 2012 to January 2013. Retained by the Nova Scotia Department of Economic Development to plan, coordinate and facilitate the Trade Mission led by the Government of Nova Scotia (Canada) to the Eighteenth Meeting of the Conference of Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC COP18), convened in Doha, Qatar from the 27th November to the 7th December 2013.

June 2012 to May 2013. Climate Change Policy Specialist retained by the Government of the British Virgin Islands and the Caribbean Community Climate Change Center (CCCCC) to provide technical guidance and support to the High-Level Technical Working Group established by Cabinet to develop and legally establish a sustainable financing mechanism (Climate Change Trust Fund) to support the implementation of the BVI Climate Change Policy, a 10-year strategy for low carbon, climate resilient development in the British Virgin Islands. Developed the broad-based consultative process to design the architecture for the Climate Change Trust Fund which includes the following elements: (a) Establishing the Trust Fund administrative structure/governance and operations; (b) Identifying Capitalization for the Trust Fund; (c) Establishing Trust Fund mechanisms for revenue collection and management; (d) Instilling Effective Governance for the Trust Fund; (e) Supporting Efficient Implementing Arrangements for the Trust Fund including uses of Trust fund monies; (f) Facilitating Monitoring, Reporting and Verification (MRV) for the Trust Fund; (g) identifying technically viable adaptation options to be funded by the Trust Fund.

November 2011 to June 2012. Retained by the Asian Development Bank (ADB) to provide services of Climate Change Adaptation Specialist (Staff Consultant) to assist Pacific Regional Agencies in the development of the US$10 million Pacific region Strategic Program on Climate Resilience (SPCR) funded through the Pilot Program for Climate Resilience (PPCR) under the Climate Investment Fund (CIF).

August 2011 to June 2012. Retained by World Bank as Team Leader/Climate Change Mainstreaming Specialist to lead technical team retained to assist the Government of Dominica in the development of its US$65 million Strategic Program for Climate Resilience (SPCR) funded through the Pilot Program for Climate Resilience (PPCR) under the Climate Investment Fund (CIF).

July 2011 to June 2012. Retained by the Asian Development Bank (ADB) as Climate Change Mainstreaming Specialist as part of technical team retained to assist the Governments of Papua New Guinea and Tonga in the development of their US$40 million Strategic Program for Climate Resilience (SPCR) funded through the Pilot Program for Climate Resilience (PPCR) under the Climate Investment Fund (CIF).

February – October 2011. Retained by the Government of the Cook Islands to guide and coordinate the formulation of the Cook Islands Climate Change and Disaster Risk Management Policy on a project funded by the Government of Italy. The development of this policy, through broad-based stakeholder consultation, includes a vulnerability assessment to evaluate/prioritize climate change and disaster risks/impacts on key social, environmental and economic elements, a comprehensive review and evaluation of existing disaster and adaptation-related legislation/institutional structures, the identification of potential opportunities for adaptation and building resilience to disaster and climate change risks, and a comprehensive public awareness and outreach program to support the development of the policy. The policy is being developed in coordination with the formulation of the Joint National Action Plan for Disaster Risk Management and Climate Change (JNAP) (supported by UNDP) and the establishment of a mechanism (Trust Fund) for sustainable financing of the Policy and JNAP. Guided and facilitated the establishment of a Joint Team to coordinate the formulation of the Cook Islands Climate Change and Disaster Risk Management Policy through broad-based stakeholder consultation. Providing technical support to the Ministry of Finance in the evaluation of appropriate sustainable financing mechanism, and the establishment of a Climate Change Trust Fund. Leading consultations and negotiations with the Tourism Sector to establish market based climate change financing mechanisms that will be used by the tourism industry to fund technology conversion to climate resilient, low carbon and energy efficient facilities utilizing imported renewable energy technologies and services.

December 2008 to October 2011. Technical Coordinator retained by the United Kingdom Department for International Development (DFID) and the Caribbean Community Climate Change Center (CCCCC) under the “Enhancing Capacity for Adaptation to Climate Change (ECACC)” project to assist 5 British Caribbean Territories (Anguilla, British Virgin Islands, Caiman Islands, Montserrat, Turks and Caicos Islands) in the formulation of their National Climate Change Policy and Action Plan. The development of these adaptation and mitigation policies in each Caribbean British Territory includes a vulnerability assessment to evaluate climate change impacts on key social, environmental and economic elements, and incorporate a comprehensive review and evaluation of existing mitigation/adaptation-related legislation and institutional structures, their application and enforcement, and the identification of potential opportunities for improvement. The resulting Issues Paper serves as the basis for the development, through a broad-based consultative process, of the National Climate Change Policy and Action Plan in each British Caribbean Overseas Territory.

May to November 2010. Retained by the Asian Development Bank/World Bank to provide services of Team Leader (Climate Change Adaptation Specialist) to assist the government of Nepal, through broad-based stakeholder consultation, in the development of the US$110 million Strategic Program for Climate Resilience to be funded under the Pilot Program for Climate Resilience (PPCR) which is part of the Strategic Climate Fund (SCF) of the Climate Investment Funds (CIF). The preparation of Nepal’s SPCR - a national program and priorities for enhancing climate resilience - requires a process of scoping, reviewing, analysis and integration of possible ongoing plans and programs. The assignment involves coordinating, at the national, district and local levels, a series of Risk Assessments, Adaptive Capacity Assessments, Cost-Benefit Analysis, and Climate Resilience Assessments, and the identification of a range of feasible options for building climate resilience in accordance with the PPCR objectives and design elements.

February to March 2010. Retained by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the Government of Dominica to provide services of International Adviser to support the development of Organic Dominica, a 10-year investment program based on the vision of transforming Dominica into an environmentally sound Organic Island and health and wellness destination, thereby creating the enabling environment for sustainable development within the context of a re-energized green economy. Coordinated and facilitated the convening of a National Consultation to develop the 10 year US$150 million investment program.

December 2009 to August 2010. Retained by the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF Cook Islands) to provide services of Climate Change Specialist under the Asian Development Bank’s Protecting Island Biodiversity and Traditional Culture in Pacific Island Communities through Community-Based Climate Change Risk Assessment project funded under the Small Grants Activities (SGA) program. Providing technical assistance to undertake a community climate change risk assessment and adaptation planning/management through incorporation of ecosystem approaches more explicitly addressing the natural resource assets of the community. \

May 2009 to September 2009. Retained by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) to provide services of Team Leader to support the Caribbean Community Secretariat (CARICOM) in the preparation of detailed project document, for the US$7 million “Regional Project for Implementing National Biosafety Frameworks in the Caribbean Sub-Region” funded by the Global Environment Facility (GEF), that will establish national and regional capacity to implement biosafety, biosecurity and biotechnology frameworks under the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety in Antigua and Barbuda, Commonwealth of the Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Commonwealth of Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Republic of Trinidad and Tobago.

January 2008 to June 2009. Retained by the Caribbean Community Climate Change Center to develop the US$1.25 million “Caribbean Carbon Neutral Tourism Project” funded by the Inter-American Development Bank (IADB) under the Sustainable Energy and Climate Change Initiative (SECCI) that is to assist the Caribbean region in responding to climate change by enhancing its climate resilience. The project seeks to devise ways of attracting new sources of financing for: (i) the scaling-up of low carbon investments in the tourism sector; and (ii) reducing the sector’s vulnerability to climate change. The four countries that will be used as pilot sites for the Project are: The Commonwealth of the Bahamas, Belize, Guyana and Trinidad and Tobago. The Project will finance: (a) an assessment of the carbon footprint of the tourism sector and evaluation of appropriate renewable energy and low carbon approaches/technologies to reduce its footprint; (b) identification/development of financial mechanisms to establish carbon neutrality for the tourism sector in the Caribbean; (c) preparation of the program to access Climate Investment Fund (CIF) funding for integrating climate resilience within the tourism sector.

October 2008 – April 2009. Retained to provide services of Climate Change Specialist by the Asian Development Bank (ADB) to assist the ADB’s South Asia Regional Department (SARD) in the development, through regional and country consultation, of a Climate Change Implementation Plan (CCIP) for South Asia Developing Member Countries DMCs (Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal and Sri Lanka.). The South Asia Climate Change Implementation Plan (CCIP) serves to identify ADB’s climate change investments (including capital investments) and to continuously develop and update the Bank’s three-year project pipeline from 2009 to 2011 comprising of loans, technical assistances (TAs), and grants to be incorporated into the Country Partnership Strategy (CPS) for each country and South Asia regional CPS. The CCIP also serves to identify opportunities for accessing additional climate change funding mechanisms in support of South Asia DMCs respective climate change programs. Assisted ADB and the Government of Nepal in start-up activities for the US$50 million Pilot program on Climate Resilience (PPCR) funded through the US$6 billion Climate Investment Funds (CIF).

July 2008 – September 2008. Retained by the Asian Development Bank (ADB) to provide services of Climate Change Specialist to support the Government of Nepal in identifying prospective opportunities to address climate change risk management and adaptation. Served as a resource person during the National Fact-Finding Workshop, assisting stakeholders to design project outputs and activities that strengthen Nepal's adaptive response and risk resilience to climate change impacts. Advised the ADB on possible climate change adaptation pilots, that ADB may consider financing through its climate adaptation funding mechanisms. Undertook an assessment of Nepal’s current and planned adaptation efforts, in addition to climate change adaptation program being undertaken by NGOs, and other donors, and developed a ADB CRMA Road Map for climate change adaptation in alignment with ADB’s country partnership strategy (CPS) and Nepal’s NAPA and other adaptation policy and planning instruments.

February 2007 - May 2007. Retained by Environment Canada and the Government of Nova Scotia to facilitate the development of a climate change risk management strategic framework for the Province of Nova Scotia. Facilitated consultations with federal, provincial and municipal levels of government and other stakeholders to -

identify regional and sectoral climate change risk management priorities;

identify intended federal/provincial/municipal climate change risk management actions in areas of respective responsibility, and actions to be taken with other levels of government and those who will need to adapt;

January 2005 – September 2006. Retained by the Asian Development Bank (ADB) to provide services of Project Manager, Legal and Institutional Strengthening Specialist, and Legal Draftsman for the "Legal and Institutional Strengthening of Environmental Management" project in the Cook Islands. The project was designed to assist the Cook Islands in the development and drafting of priority environmental legislation, including legal frameworks to implement requirements under various international environmental conventions including the Convention on Biological Diversity, the United National Framework Convention on Climate Change, the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety, the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), the Basel Convention on the Trans-Boundary Movement of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal; the Convention to Ban the Importation into Forum Island Countries of Hazardous and Radioactive Wastes and to Control the Transboundary Movement and Management of Hazardous Wastes within the South Pacific Region (Waigani Convention); the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs); and the Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade. Undertook a comprehensive policy, legal and institutional review to develop an appropriate policy and regulatory structure for sustainable environmental management.

June 2005 – September 2006. Retained on the Global Environment Facility (GEF) funded International Waters Program (IWP) to undertake the following in the Cook Islands:

(a) Develop an inventory of environmental and natural resources (marine and terrestrial) management legislation, policy and institutions;

(b) Review and evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of existing environmental and natural resources (marine and terrestrial) management legislation, policy and institutions;

(c) Identify gaps and deficiencies in the legal, policy and institutional framework for integrated coastal and freshwater resource management;

(d) Develop, through a broad-based consultative process, a comprehensive legal, policy and institutional framework for integrated coastal and freshwater resource management that would address priority gaps and deficiencies;

(e) Develop and draft, through a broad-based consultative process, comprehensive legislation for integrated coastal and freshwater resource management that would address priority gaps and deficiencies.

Undertook a comprehensive policy, legal and institutional review to develop an appropriate policy and regulatory structure for the sustainable management of all water resources.

August 2005 – September 2006. Retained by the World Bank and Caribbean Community Climate Change Centre as Technical Coordinator for the preparation of the PDF-B application, detailed project document, and project operations manual for the US$5.5 million “Special Program on Adaptation to Climate Change (SPACC)” funded by the Global Environment Facility (GEF), that will establish climate change adaptation measures to address impacts on biodiversity and land degradation in Dominica, Saint Lucia, and St. Vincent and the Grenadines.

March 2005 – December 2005. Retained to provide technical assistance to the Government of Dominica in the development of their National Capacity Self Assessment (NCSA) on a project funded by the Global Environment Facility and United Nations Environment Program (UNEP). The project is designed to assist Dominica in undertaking a self assessment of national capacities to implement several international environmental agreements, including: (a) the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change; (b) the Kyoto Protocol; (c) the Convention on Biodiversity; (d) the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety; (e) the United Nations Convention on Desertification and Land Degradation; and (f) the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants.

May 2005 – August 2005. Retained to provide technical assistance to the Government of Grenada in the review and evaluation of the country’s National Biosafety Framework on a project funded by the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP). The key elements of this project involve the technical review of Grenada’s draft biosafety legislation and institutional framework to determine compliance with the requirements of the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety.

March 2005 – July 2005. Retained by the Danish International Development Agency (DANIDA) to develop a Guide for Danish overseas missions to provide for the integration and mainstreaming of climate change considerations (mitigation and adaptation) into Danish foreign assistance programs and projects, in accordance the 2004 European Union (EU) Policy Directive.

January 2004 – March 2005. Retained as part of the technical team contracted by the Caribbean Development Bank (CDB) to undertake a comprehensive review and evaluation of the legal, policy and institutional framework for environmental management in select Eastern Caribbean States (Dominica, Grenada, Saint Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines) in order to assessment national capacities to implement the St. George’s Declaration of Principles for Environmental Sustainability in the OECS and the Barbados Program of Action.

September 2003 – October 2004. Retained by the Inter-American Development Bank (IADB) to provide an overview of important environment and natural resource issues in Trinidad and Tobago, and make recommendations for policies and programs to further environment and natural resource management for sustainable development consistent with the country’s objective of reaching developed country status by 2020. The project included the following elements:

Review of the environmental situation in Trinidad and in Tobago, including an evaluation of the legal and institutional framework as well as institutional capacity for environmental management;

Identification of the existing environmental and social liabilities and propose remedial policies and programs with a clear identification of the costs and responsibilities to execute;

Propose alternative environmental management systems including, but not limited to, the use of auditing;

Analysis of existing action plan and contingency plans to mitigate the impacts of environmental disasters and define the roles and responsibilities of the institutions involved.

September 2003 – September 2004. Provided technical assistance to the Caribbean Disaster Mitigation Office of the Caribbean Development Bank (CDB) to develop guidelines for Natural Hazards Impact Assessments (NHIA) that provide for the integration of climate change into the Bank’s environmental impact assessment process.

October 2001 – October 2004. Co-Principal of the Executing Agency for US$2 million Adapting to Climate Change (ACCC) project funded by the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) under the Canadian Climate Change Development Fund (CCCDF). The project supported the development of integrated planning and management strategies for cost-effective response and adaptation to the impacts of global climate change in twelve participating Caribbean countries (Antigua and Barbuda, Commonwealth of the Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Commonwealth of Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Republic of Trinidad and Tobago).

January 2003 – June 2003. Retained by the World Bank to develop a guide on “Mainstreaming Economic Valuations” for integration into the Caribbean climate change adaptation program – “Mainstreaming Adaptation to Climate Change” - funded by the Global Environment Facility (GEF).

March 2002 – March 2003. Retained by the World Bank to develop and implement the Management Information System (MIS) for the Regional Project Implementation Unit established to manage the “Mainstreaming Adaptation to Climate Change” (MACC) project in the Caribbean region, and provide training to Caribbean Community (CARICOM) Secretariat personnel on World Bank project management, financial management and project reporting procedures.

June 2001- March 2002. -Retained by Environment Canada (Canadian Environmental Protection Agency) to develop guidelines and undertake a training program for the use of alternate dispute resolution (ADR) process in the management of federal contaminated sites. Undertook comprehensive review of contaminated site management legislation, policies and procedures in the United States of America, the United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand. Principal author of Best Practice Guidelines for Federal Departments and Agencies on Dispute Resolution Processes for the Management of Federal Contaminated Lands (Treasury Board of Canada/Environment Canada).

June 2001- March 2002. Retained by Environment Canada (Canadian Environmental Protection Agency) to develop guidelines and undertake a training program for the use of alternate dispute resolution (ADR) process in the management of federal contaminated sites. Undertook comprehensive review of contaminated site management legislation, policies and procedures in the United States of America, the United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand. Principal author of Best Practice Guidelines for Federal Departments and Agencies on Dispute Resolution Processes for the Management of Federal Contaminated Lands (Treasury Board of Canada/Environment Canada).

March 2002. Retained by Canadian Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade (DFAIT) to undertake review of countries in sub-Saharan Africa to identify candidate city for support under the “Sustainable Cities Initiative” (SCI). Evaluated political, economic, social, human rights, trade and environmental conditions in 42 countries in Africa and the Indian Ocean regions.

February 2001 to September 2001. Retained as International Biodiversity Planning Specialist to develop the National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan for the Government of Dominica, on a project funded by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). Designed the biodiversity planning process, convened and facilitated national biodiversity planning working sessions, supervised and directed the preparation of Dominica’s Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan and Country Study. Prepared Dominica’s First National Report to the Conference of Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity.

June 2000 to June 2001. Retained by the Organization of American States (OAS) to develop the Policy for the Planning and Management of Adaptation to Climate Change, on a project funded by the Global Environment Facility (GEF)/World Bank. Undertook policy, legal and institutional review to establish the framework for the development of the policy framework and the legal and institutional mechanisms for planning and management of climate change at the national and regional levels under Component Four (Policy and Legislation) of the Caribbean Planning for Adaptation to Global Climate Change (CPACC) project undertaken by the Organization of American States (OAS). The project is intended to support the development of a generic policy framework for the preparation of integrated planning and management for cost-effective response and adaptation to the impacts of global climate change on coastal and marine areas in twelve participating countries (Antigua and Barbuda, Commonwealth of the Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Commonwealth of Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Republic of Trinidad and Tobago). Required to:

(a) Review and analyze current policies, legislation and institutional mechanisms for adaptation planning for climate change in the context of physical planning, coastal zone management, and disaster contingency planning and management;

(b) Review, analyze and evaluate existing policies, legislation and institutional mechanisms in select countries worldwide (Australia, Canada, the Netherlands, New Zealand, the South Pacific, United Kingdom, United States of America) and evaluate the existing application of these policies, legislation and institutional mechanisms in light of their potential application in the Caribbean region;

(c) Outline the most appropriate policy, legislation and institutional options to be used of integrated planning and management for cost-effective response and adaptation to the impacts of global climate change on coastal and marine areas in the Caribbean region; and

(d) Outline the data, human resources and institutional arrangements necessary to implement appropriate policy, legislation and institutional options to be used in the Caribbean region.

The project was intended to establish the policy, legal and institutional structures required to implement requirements under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, specifically relating to adaptation planning and management. Co-ordinator in charge of assisting the twelve participating States in the development and implementation of a National Climate Change Adaptation Policy and Action Strategy through a broad-based public consultation process.

April 1999 to September 1999. Retained by the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) as member of the small multi-disciplinary team tasked to formulate the Strategic Plan for the development and management of the sewerage and waste-water sector of Trinidad and Tobago. Undertook a comprehensive review and evaluation of the legal, regulatory, institutional and financial structures affecting the sewerage and waste-water sector, and developed the legal and institutional framework to:

(a) establish a new Sewerage Division within the Water and Sewerage Authority (WASA);

(b) provide for the separation of the regulatory and operational functions for environmental management and the permitting and licensing of waste-water facilities under the authority of the Public Utilities Commission;

Aug 1999 to July 2002. Member of the Canadian Executing Agency (CEA) retained by the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) to design and implement the Environmental Capacity Development (ENCAPD) project for the Member States (Anguilla, Antigua, British Virgin Islands, Dominica, Grenada, Montserrat, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines) of the Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS). The project is designed to:

(a) provide for the institutional strengthening of the Organisation for Eastern Caribbean States – Natural Resources Management Unit (OECS-NRMU) and environmental agencies in Member States;

(b establish regional and national environmental management policies and strategies aimed at achieving sustainable development and the implementation of the Program of Action concluded at the United Nations Global Conference on the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States;

(d) establish comprehensive environmental legislation in Member States.

Member of the team involved in the design of a 4 year Program of Action for the institutional strengthening of the OECS-NRMU and environmental agencies in member States. Provided technical and drafting assistance in the development of the St. George’s Declaration of Principles for Environmental Sustainability in the OECS Region that has been formally adopted by OECS Member States. Undertook legal, policy and institutional review in St. Lucia of all government agencies involved in environmental and resource management to identify deficiencies and develop a program to provide for the strengthening of national policy, legal and institutional frameworks for environmental management.

July 1998 to June 1999. Retained by the Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS) to undertake the Policy, Legislation and Regulations Component of the Solid and Ship-Generated Waste Management Project funded by the World Bank, Global Environment Facility (GEF) and the Caribbean Development Bank (CDB). Project Manager of team that developed the national policies, legislation/regulations and institutional structures for the management of solid wastes and wastes generated from ships for the States of Antigua, Dominica, Grenada, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines. Was the principal legal draftsman of the Marine Pollution Management Bill and Waste Management Bill for Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, which established:

Comprehensive legal and institutional structures for the implementation of a number of international and regional environmental treaties, including the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships 1973 as Modified by the Protocol of 1978 (MARPOL 73/78), the Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movement of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal, and the Convention for the Protection and Development of the Marine Environment of the Wider Caribbean Region; and
Comprehensive environmental impact assessment (EIA) and development approval processes for waste management facilities/operations and to regulate marina development and discharges into the marine environment.

March 1998 to June 1998. Retained by the Government of Jamaica and the International Development Research Centre (IDRC), the World Bank, and the Commonwealth Secretariat Caribbean Capacity Building for Environmental Management Program, to develop and conduct a workshop in collaboration with the Jamaican Ministry of Environment and Housing, the Natural Resource Conservation Authority (NRCA), the Attorney General’s Office and the Jamaica Bar Association relating to the establishment of an appropriate legal/institutional framework for sustainable development in Jamaica. Undertook a comprehensive policy, legal and institutional review and evaluation of all Jamaican laws, policies and programs in the area of environmental and resource management, and sustainable development. Additionally, undertook a review of policy, legal and institutional structures to implement Jamaica's commitments under the international and regional environmental treaties to which Jamaica had signed or was interested in becoming a party. Prepared a comprehensive report entitled Legislative Framework for Sustainable Development in Jamaica, concerning the existing policy, legal and institutional structures, which identified deficiencies or areas where existing policy, legal and institutional structures required harmonization, modernization or consolidation. This report was presented and endorsed at a national seminar convened by the Jamaica Ministry of Environment and Housing, the Natural Resources Conservation Authority (NRCA) and the Office of the Attorney General.

March 1997 to July 1998. Retained by the Asian Development Bank (ADB) to develop and draft the environmental management, urban planning and resource management legislation of Vanuatu. The project, which was undertaken for the Vanuatu Environment Unit and the Attorney General's Chambers, served to implement recommendations contained in the National Conservation Strategy, specifically to review, update, and draft enforceable legislation on water resource and environmental management, and urban planning. The new legislation (which was approved by the Council of Ministers in May 1999), provides for the establishment, powers, duties and functions of the Vanuatu Department of Environment, update and consolidate Vanuatu’s environmental, marine and resource management legislation and establish, for the first time in the country, a legal and institutional framework for:

Environmental Impact Assessment;
Pollution and Waste Management;
Management of Marine Pollution from Shipping;
Management of Hazardous Substances and Hazardous Waste; and
Wildlife Conservation and Protected Areas Management.

The project resulted in the establishment of co-ordinated legal and institutional structures for the implementation of a number of international and regional agreements and treaties (including the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the Convention on Biological Diversity, the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships and Related Protocols (MARPOL 73/78), the Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by the Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter(London Convention), the Convention on the Trans-boundary Movement of Hazardous Wastes in the South Pacific Region, the International Convention on Oil Spill Preparedness, Response and Co-operation (OPRC Convention), the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG). A system of “port State control” was established to provide for ship inspection, monitoring and enforcement. Designed the environmental impact assessment (EIA) process and procedures, and environmental monitoring and enforcement process for the Vanuatu Department of Environment which are incorporated into the new legislation. Retained to develop the policy and regulatory framework for the management of all surface and underground water resource. Undertook a comprehensive policy, legal and institutional review to develop an appropriate policy and regulatory structure for the sustainable management of all water resources. The review included a comprehensive evaluation of jurisdictional issues, capacities and responsibilities to facilitate the development of an appropriate regulatory and administrative structure for water resource management. Developed and drafted Vanuatu’s Water Resource Management Act which provided the basis for a national water resource inventory and the development of a national strategic plan for water resource management and conservation. The policy and regulatory structure also established the Water Resources Commission, created licensing and permitting systems for the extraction of freshwater resources (surface and underground), established standards for the protection and conservation of water resources, and instituted appropriate structures to control water pollution.

May 1995 to December 1997. Retained by the Asian Development Bank (ADB) to draft the marine, environmental and resource management legislation of Fiji. Project Manager for the project, which was undertaken for the Fiji Department of Environment and the Attorney General's Chambers, and which implements recommendations contained in the National Environment Strategy, specifically to review, update, and draft enforceable legislation on natural resource and environmental management. Fiji's new environmental legislation (Environmental Management Act), which was approved by Parliament in 2003, is intended to consolidate and update at least fifty-four Acts, implement over twenty three international and regional agreements and treaties (including the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the Kyoto Protocol, the Convention on Biological Diversity, the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships and Related Protocols (MARPOL 73/78), the Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by the Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter(London Convention), the Convention on the Trans-boundary Movement of Hazardous Wastes in the South Pacific Region, the International Convention on Oil Spill Preparedness, Response and Co-operation (OPRC Convention), the International Convention Relating to Intervention on the High Seas in Cases of Oil Pollution Casualties, the International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage, and the International Convention on the Establishment of an International Fund for Compensation for Oil Pollution Damage), and create greater co-ordination amongst various implementing agencies and government departments. The new legislation, which was approved by the Fiji Parliamentary Legislative Committee in November 1997, will establish, for the first time in the country, a legal framework for:

Environmental Impact Assessment;
Pollution and Waste Management;
Management of Marine Pollution from Shipping;
Management of Hazardous Substances and Hazardous Waste;
Integrated Coastal, Water and Land Resource Management; and
Wildlife Conservation and Protected Areas Management.

Additionally, the new legislation establishes a legal and institutional structure to implement and enforce the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG), and will establish a system of “port State control” for ship inspection, monitoring and enforcement. Designed the comprehensive public consultation process that constituted an integral part of the legal drafting process, and participated in a number of workshops and seminars convened by the Department of Environment and Attorney General’s Office to facilitate the formulation of an appropriate regulatory framework. Prepared and presented a number of Cabinet Memoranda concerning Fiji’s accession to the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships and Related Protocols (MARPOL 73/78),the International Convention on Oil Spill Preparedness, Response and Co-operation (OPRC Convention), and the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). Designed the environmental impact assessment (EIA) process and procedures, and environmental monitoring and enforcement process for the Fiji Department of Environment which are incorporated into the new legislation.

January 1997 to December 1997. Retained as Project Manager by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)/Asian Development Bank (ADB) to establish the broad-based consultative process leading to the development and drafting of “Capacity Building for Sustainable Development in Fiji”, the national action plan for sustainable development that serves to implement recommendations in the National Environment Strategy, and give effect to the provisions of Fiji’s new sustainable development legislation.

January 1997 to November 1997. Retained by the Energy Development Division of the Department of Natural Resources to design and develop the Regulations for the administration and management of the Sable Offshore Gas Development in Nova Scotia, Canada which is the largest single commercial deposit of natural gas in North America. A comprehensive review was undertaken of Federal oil and gas regulations, and the oil and gas pipeline and gas processing facility regulations of Alberta, British Columbia and other Canadian provincial energy regulatory frameworks to identify and develop an appropriate regulatory framework relating to pipeline and facility construction and design, operational safety, environmental protection, land acquisitions and easements, abandonment procedures, pipeline crossings and the establishment of an appropriate administrative and institutional structure. The Pipeline Regulations (N.S. Reg. 66/98) which were promulgated in September 1998, establishes the legal, administrative and institutional structures to regulate environmental, safety, planning, management, and operational aspects related to the development of the offshore gas facility, offshore pipelines, onshore pipelines, and the onshore gas processing facility.

June 1995 to December 1995. Retained by the Caribbean Development Bank (CDB) to undertake a legal and institutional review of the national parks management capability of the Commonwealth of Dominica, and develop an appropriate national parks management policy, regulatory and institutional framework. Project Manager of the project which established the legal and institutional capacity to effectively manage and administer the country's national parks and eco-tourism development, and establish an effective environmental impact assessment process. Member of the three person team of parks specialists that drafted "Dominica National Parks Service - Management Handbook" which was adopted by the Dominica Government in December 1996.

March 1995 to June 1995. Retained by the World Bank to assist the Ministry of Planning and Development and the newly created Environmental Management Authority (EMA) in Trinidad and Tobago to design, plan, and develop Terms of Reference for a number of priority environmental activities that are to be financed by the World Bank, including the National Environmental Management Plan (NEMP), the National Environmental Information System (NEIS), and the updating of various environmental regulations and subsidiary legislation.

April 1995 to October 1995. Developed the framework for an inter-agency textbook on "Sustainable Development Law - the Legal Framework for the Implementation of Agenda 21", in consultation with the United Nations Department for Policy Co-ordination and Sustainable Development (UNDPCSD), the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) and the International Development Research Centre (IDRC).

March 1995 to December 1995. Member of the Canadian Biodiversity Strategy Population Focus Group convened by the Biodiversity Convention Office of Environment Canada (Canadian environmental protection agency) to prepare recommendations for integration into the Canadian Biodiversity Strategy.

January 1995 to December 1995. Appointed as a member of the Standards Committee by the Forest Stewardship Council for Atlantic Canada to develop standards for sustainable forest management of private and state owned forests in Atlantic Canada.

November 1994 to April 1995. Retained by the International Maritime Organisation (IMO) to:

review of the National Oil Spill Contingency Plans, oil spill response capabilities and marine pollution institutional capabilities and laws of the island states of the Indian Ocean region (Comoros, Madagascar, Mauritius, Maldives, and Seychelles); and
determine compliance by States within the Indian Ocean Region with the obligations and requirements of the International Convention on Oil Spill Preparedness, Response and Co-operation and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Action Plan for the Protection, Management and Development of the Marine and Coastal Environment of the Eastern African Region (EAF/7).

Prepared the proposal for the establishment of a Regional Oil Spill Contingency Programme for the island States in the Western Indian Ocean, for submission to the Global Environment Facility (GEF). The project proposal, contained in the assignment report, was approved by the Global Environment Facility (GEF)/World Bank in June 1998 (see Western Indian Ocean Islands Oil Spill Contingency Planning Project - GEF/IS/4 at page C-11).)

October 1994 to April 1995. Retained by Industry Canada (Canadian Department of Foreign Affairs, Industry and Trade) to undertake a review of the environmental law, policy and institutional capacity (including private sector environmental capacity and technological capabilities) of South Africa, with a view to identifying environmental business opportunities for Canadian companies.

June 1994 to December 1994. Retained by Environment Canada (Canadian environment protection agency) as one of the team of experts to conduct seminar for senior government officers on "Greening Government Operations - The New Imperative".

June 1994 to December 1994. Member of the Review Committee appointed by the Canadian Bar Association (CBA) to review the draft Environment Act of Nova Scotia, and prepare written submissions to the Nova Scotia Round Table on Environment and Economy, and the Department of Environment.

January 1994 to October 1994. Developed the "Stewardship Strategy" relating to the conservation, protection and sustainable management of natural resources (terrestrial and marine) on private lands for the Department of Natural Resources, the Department of Environment, and the Department of Fisheries and Oceans. The development of the Stewardship Strategy, which was presented jointly to the Ministers of Environment, Natural Resources, and Fisheries and Oceans, required a comprehensive institutional review and evaluation of federal and provincial conservation, national parks and resource management departments. The Strategy is designed to give effect to recommendations relating to private sector participation in natural resource conservation and management programs identified in Canada's Green Plan (national sustainable development plan), the Canadian Biodiversity Strategy, and the Sustainable Development Strategy for Nova Scotia.

1994 to 1999. Retained by the Technical University of Nova Scotia (TUNS) to assist in the design, development and presentation of fourteen week certificate courses on the following:

Environmental Auditing and Site Assessments - and Advanced Environmental Auditing (courses co-sponsored by the Department of Environment (N.S.) and the Association of Professional Environmental Auditing); and
Environmental Arbitration and Mediation (course co-sponsored by the Department of Environment (N.S.), and the Arbitration and Mediation Institute).